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Corporate law is the field of law that regulates the establishment, operation, management, shareholding structure and termination processes of companies. This field covers the acquisition of legal personality by the company, the rights and obligations of shareholders, the capital structure, the powers of corporate bodies and the legal relationships established with third parties.
Corporate law is not limited only to incorporation procedures. Decisions taken by the company throughout its period of activity, contracts to which it is a party, share transfer transactions, representation authority, company receivables and commercial disputes are also evaluated within the scope of this field.
Since each company type gives rise to different legal consequences, corporate law assessments consider the type of company, articles of association, trade registry records and shareholding structure together.
Corporate law refers to a broad legal field that continues from the establishment of a company until the completion of liquidation.
Company incorporation and preparation of articles of association
Trade registry registration and announcement procedures
Determination of the shareholding structure
Capital commitment, capital increase and capital decrease
Share transfer and shareholder change processes
General assembly, board of directors and board of managers resolutions
Representation and binding authority of the company
Shareholders’ rights to information, inspection and dividend
Company merger, demerger and conversion procedures
Termination, dissolution and liquidation procedures of the company
Corporate legal consultancy refers to the assessment of legal matters encountered by companies during their activities, the examination of the legality of corporate decisions and the resolution of disputes.
Annulment of general assembly resolutions
Liability of board members or company managers
Disputes regarding share transfers, dividends and the right to information
Requests for withdrawal from partnership, expulsion and separation payment
Dissolution of the company for just cause
Collection of company receivables
Disputes arising from commercial contracts
Merger, demerger, conversion and liquidation processes
A joint stock company is a company type with a defined capital divided into shares. Shareholders are liable only with the capital they have committed.
A limited liability company is a company type established by one or more shareholders with a defined share capital.
These are company types with different liability structures.
Collective company: Partners have unlimited liability.
Commandite company: Commandite partners have unlimited liability, while commanditaire partners have limited liability.
Cooperative company: A member-based structure.
Thanks to legal personality, companies may acquire rights and assume obligations in their own name. Merchant status determines commercial obligations.
There is no specific obligation for limited liability companies.
The capital criterion is important for joint stock companies.
The number of members is taken into account for cooperatives.
Failure to comply with the obligation is subject to administrative sanctions.
Legal consultancy is provided in company incorporation, contract preparation, share transfers, general assembly processes and commercial disputes.
While a joint stock company has a more corporate structure, a limited liability company has a more closed shareholding structure.
Share transfer affects not only the change of shareholders, but also the control structure of the company.
An annulment lawsuit may be filed if there is a violation of the law or the company’s articles of association.
It comes into question when trust between shareholders is damaged or when the company becomes unsustainable.